Archaeologists have uncovered the earliest known inscription referring to Jesus as God beneath a modern prison in northern Israel. The artifact, known as the “Megiddo Mosaic,” dates back to approximately 230 CE and offers a rare glimpse into early Christian practices and beliefs.

Oldest inscription declaring Jesus as God discovered at Megiddo Prison

The mosaic was discovered by the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) during excavations at Megiddo Prison between 2003 and 2005. The dig preceded planned prison expansions and revealed what researchers believe is the world’s oldest Christian prayer hall.

“This structure is interpreted as the oldest Christian prayer house in the world,” the IAA stated. “It tells the story of Christianity even before it became official.”

Dating to a period when Christians worshipped in private homes rather than formal churches, the site was remarkably well-preserved. Ancient residents had covered it with roof tiles and wall plaster before abandoning it.

Dr. Yotam Tepper, who led the excavation, noted the site showed no evidence of destruction. “The building was abandoned, and nobody lived there again,” he explained.

Inscriptions in ancient Greek

The mosaic includes three inscriptions in ancient Greek, offering insights into the early Christian community. The most significant reads: “The god-loving Akeptous has offered the table to God Jesus Christ as a memorial.”

This inscription is considered one of the earliest affirmations of Jesus’ divinity. Researchers believe Akeptous, a wealthy donor, contributed the table for Eucharist rituals.

Another inscription credits a Roman centurion, Gaianus (Porphyrius), for funding the mosaic, demonstrating the inclusion of Roman soldiers in early Christian communities. A third inscription honors four women—Primilla, Cyriaca, Dorothea, and Chreste—who were likely influential members of the congregation.

The site at Megiddo illustrates the coexistence of diverse cultures and religions during the Roman and Byzantine periods. Nearby, archaeologists uncovered evidence of a Samaritan village alongside a Roman military camp.

“Through the excavations we learned about connections between Samaritans, Jews, pagans, Christians, soldiers, and civilians,” Tepper said. “It’s remarkable to find neighborhoods of so many different religions and ethnicities in such close proximity.”

Symbolism of the Meggido mosaic

Fish imagery, a key Christian symbol, is prominent in the mosaic. The Greek word for fish, ΙΧΘΥΣ (Ichthys), serves as an acronym for “Jesus Christ, Son of God, Savior.” This symbol also references Jesus’ calling of Peter and Andrew as “fishers of men” in the Gospel of Matthew.

The excavation, hindered by its location within a maximum-security prison, is set to expand with plans to relocate the facility. Officials hope to eventually open the site to the public for further exploration and study.

Currently, the Megiddo Mosaic is on display at the Museum of the Bible in Washington, D.C., where it will remain until July 6, 2025. The exhibit highlights the mosaic’s historical and spiritual significance, offering visitors a unique perspective on the resilience and diversity of early Christian communities.